Letters of Credit and Trade Finance
Sight Letter of Credit Explained
A sight letter of credit is the simplest form of documentary credit: the bank pays as soon as it has checked the documents and found them compliant. It gives the seller the fastest route to cash under an LC, and it gives the buyer the comfort that nothing is paid until shipping documents are in order. This guide explains how sight payment works, how it compares with usance, and how to set terms that both sides can perform.
What a sight letter of credit is
A sight LC is a letter of credit "available by payment at sight". The issuing bank, or a nominated bank, undertakes to pay the beneficiary on presentation of complying documents, without any agreed delay.
"At sight" does not mean instantly. Under UCP 600, banks have up to five banking days after the day of presentation to decide whether documents comply. Once they do, payment is made.
Some sight LCs call for a sight draft, which is a bill of exchange payable on demand. Many modern LCs simply require the documents.
For LC basics, see documentary letter of credit, and for the buyer's view, letters of credit for importers.
How sight payment works after presentation
- Shipment.
The seller ships within the LC dates.
- Presentation.
The seller presents the required documents to the nominated bank, often its own or the confirming bank, within the presentation period.
- Examination.
The bank checks documents against the LC and against each other.
- Decision.
Within five banking days, the bank either honours or gives notice of refusal listing discrepancies.
- Payment.
If compliant, the nominated bank pays, if it has agreed to, or forwards documents to the issuing bank, which pays.
- Reimbursement and release.
The issuing bank debits the buyer, or funds it under a facility, and releases documents so the buyer can collect the goods.
If documents are discrepant, the bank may ask the buyer to waive the discrepancies. Payment then depends on the buyer, so sight protection is only as good as the documents.
Sight LC vs usance LC
|
Sight LC |
Usance LC |
| When the seller is paid |
On compliant presentation |
At a future date, such as a set number of days after shipment |
| Buyer cash flow |
Must fund at presentation |
Gets time to sell goods first |
| Seller cash flow |
Fastest |
Delayed, unless discounted |
| Seller credit risk period |
Short |
Longer, until maturity |
| Typical cost to seller |
Lower |
Higher if discounting or confirmation over tenor |
| Typical use |
Sellers needing cash, buyers with funding |
Buyers needing credit terms |
Usance is covered in the usance letter of credit guide, and acceptance versus usance in difference between usance and acceptance LC.
When importers and exporters prefer sight
Exporters prefer sight
when they need cash quickly to fund the next order, when the buyer or issuing bank is less known, or when they do not want to discount a deferred payment.
Importers may accept sight
when they have their own cash or a facility, such as an import trade loan, that pays the LC at sight and gives them time to repay from resale. This combination gives the seller sight payment and the buyer credit terms, funded by a lender rather than by the seller.
Sight is less suitable
when the buyer cannot fund on arrival and the seller is willing to extend credit. In that case usance, or an open account with supply chain finance, may fit. See trade finance vs supply chain finance.
Document checks and discrepancy risk
Sight LCs are only fast when documents are clean. Common discrepancies:
- Shipment after the latest shipment date.
- Presentation after the allowed period or after expiry.
- Invoice description or amount differing from the LC.
- Inconsistent data across documents.
- Bills of lading not clean or not showing on board.
- Missing certificates or wrong number of originals.
Practical steps:
- Review the LC on receipt and request amendments before shipping.
- Avoid documents that need the buyer's signature.
- Allow enough time between shipment and expiry.
- Use confirmation when issuing bank or country risk is high. See confirmed letter of credit.
How to arrange a sight LC that both sides can perform
- Agree terms in the contract, including sight payment, documents, dates, Incoterms and who pays which fees. See letter of credit fees explained.
- Draft LC wording together
before the buyer applies.
- Check the buyer's bank capacity
to issue. See how to get a letter of credit.
- Decide on confirmation
based on bank and country risk.
- Plan buyer funding
at sight, through cash or an import facility.
- Prepare a document checklist
for the seller.
Financely is a fee-based arranger and advisor, not a bank or lender. We do not issue LCs. We help buyers and sellers agree workable terms, prepare applications and approach banks that may issue, confirm or fund. Fees pay for the work, not for an outcome. See trade finance advisory
and export letter of credit.
Frequently asked questions
What does "at sight" mean on an LC?
Payment is made once the bank has examined documents and found them compliant, within up to five banking days after presentation.
Is a sight LC safer than a usance LC?
For the seller, it shortens the credit risk period. Both depend on compliant documents.
Who funds a sight LC?
The buyer, at presentation, either from cash or a bank facility.
Can a sight LC be confirmed?
Yes, if the issuing bank allows it and a bank is willing.
Setting up a sight LC?
Send us the contract and proposed LC terms, and receive a scoped quote for arranging issuance or confirmation with suitable banks.
Request a quote