Letters of Credit and Trade Finance

Confirmed Letter of Credit Explained

A confirmed letter of credit is an LC that carries the payment promise of two banks instead of one. For an exporter, confirmation can turn a credit from an unfamiliar bank in a difficult market into a payment obligation from a bank it trusts. This guide explains what confirmation means, when it is worth paying for, and how to arrange it.

What confirmation means on a letter of credit

Every LC carries the issuing bank's undertaking to pay against compliant documents. When a second bank confirms the LC, it adds its own separate, definite undertaking to honour or negotiate a complying presentation. The exporter then has two banks it can look to for payment.

Under UCP 600, the confirming bank's undertaking is independent. If documents comply, the confirming bank must pay even if the issuing bank later fails or its country blocks payments. The confirming bank then claims reimbursement from the issuing bank.

A bank can only confirm if it is authorised or requested to by the issuing bank. Where it is not, some banks offer silent confirmation, a separate risk agreement with the exporter outside the LC itself.

For LC basics, see documentary letter of credit and export letter of credit.

Confirmed vs unconfirmed LC

Unconfirmed LC Confirmed LC
Payment undertaking Issuing bank only Issuing bank and confirming bank
Issuing bank risk Exporter bears it Covered by confirming bank
Country and transfer risk Exporter bears it Covered by confirming bank
Cost to exporter Lower Confirmation fee added
Where documents are checked Nominated or issuing bank Usually the confirming bank, locally
Speed of payment Can depend on issuing bank Confirming bank pays on compliance

For a deeper comparison, read confirmed vs unconfirmed letters of credit.

When exporters should require confirmation

Confirmation is worth considering when:

  • The issuing bank is unknown to the exporter, small or has a weak credit profile.
  • The buyer's country has a history of currency shortages, transfer restrictions or political instability.
  • The amount is large relative to the exporter's business.
  • The exporter wants to discount a usance LC and needs a strong bank's obligation to do so.
  • The exporter's own bank or lender requires it to fund pre-shipment costs.

It may be unnecessary when the issuing bank is strong and the country risk is low, in which case the fee may not be justified.

Who pays confirmation fees and what drives cost

The LC states who pays confirmation charges. Often the exporter pays, but the parties can agree that the buyer pays, and this should be settled in the sales contract.

Main cost drivers:

  • Issuing bank risk. Weaker banks mean higher fees.
  • Country risk. Higher in markets with transfer or political risk.
  • Tenor. Longer usance periods increase exposure.
  • Amount. Larger amounts use more of the confirming bank's limits.
  • Bank appetite. Confirming banks have country and bank limits that change over time.

Additional fees can include advising, examination, payment and discounting charges. See letter of credit fees explained for typical lines. We do not quote standard rates here because pricing is set case by case by each bank.

How confirmation is requested and added

  1. Agree it in the contract. The sales contract should require a confirmed LC, name who pays, and ideally name an acceptable confirming bank.
  2. Buyer applies. The buyer asks its bank to issue the LC with the instruction "confirm" or "may add" in the confirmation field of the MT700.
  3. Check the confirming bank's appetite before issuance, as it may not have limits for that issuing bank or country.
  4. Issuance and advice. The LC is sent to the confirming bank, which reviews it and, if it agrees, adds its confirmation and advises the exporter.
  5. Presentation. The exporter presents documents to the confirming bank, which pays on compliance.

If the LC was issued without a confirmation request, the exporter can ask about silent confirmation instead. Our letter of credit confirmation services page explains more.

How to arrange a confirmed LC with workable banks

Confirmation fails most often because the chosen bank has no appetite for the issuing bank or country, or because the LC terms are unworkable. Preparation helps:

  • Identify banks with active lines for the issuing bank and country.
  • Share the draft LC with the prospective confirming bank before issuance.
  • Make sure documents and dates are achievable.
  • Decide on sight or usance terms. See sight letter of credit and usance letter of credit guide.

Financely is a fee-based arranger and advisor, not a bank or lender, and we do not confirm LCs ourselves. We help exporters and traders prepare the request, review the LC wording and approach banks that may confirm. Fees pay for that work, not for an outcome; each bank decides on its own. See trade finance advisory. Intermediaries can also read transferable letter of credit.

Frequently asked questions

What is a confirmed letter of credit?

An LC where a second bank, usually in the exporter's country, adds its own promise to pay against compliant documents.

Who pays for confirmation?

Whoever the LC and contract say. Often the exporter, but it can be negotiated.

What is silent confirmation?

Cover offered to the exporter by a bank under a separate agreement when the issuing bank has not requested confirmation.

Can any LC be confirmed?

Only if a bank is willing and, for open confirmation, the issuing bank authorises it.

Need an LC confirmed?

Send us the LC or draft, the issuing bank and the amount, and receive a scoped quote for arranging confirmation.

Request a quote