Trade Finance | Bank Facilities
The Difference Between A Line Of Credit And A Letter Of Credit
A line of credit gives you cash you can draw. A letter of credit gives your counterparty a bank undertaking.
Same bank, totally different product.
If you are importing, exporting, or trading physical commodities, picking the wrong one wastes weeks, triggers compliance friction,
and can kill a shipment timeline.
One-Sentence Definitions
Line Of Credit
A line of credit is a revolving or term facility that provides working capital. You draw funds, pay interest, and repay per facility terms.
- It funds your cash cycle
- It is priced as debt
- It is underwritten on cash flow and or collateral
Letter Of Credit
A letter of credit is an instrument issued by a bank that supports payment or performance under stated terms, often tied to documents or a draw package.
- It supports your counterparty confidence
- It is priced as an instrument plus risk and operations
- It is underwritten on your credit and the transaction
What Each One Solves In A Trade Transaction
The fastest way to decide is to identify your bottleneck.
Are you short on cash, or is the seller refusing to move without bank-backed assurance?
| Problem |
What Is Missing |
Right Tool |
What The Bank Is Doing |
| You need to pay suppliers and carry inventory before you get paid |
Liquidity |
Line Of Credit |
Lends cash proceeds, secured by assets and or cash flow |
| Supplier wants bank-backed payment assurance to ship |
Payment undertaking |
Documentary Letter Of Credit |
Commits to pay if documents comply with LC terms |
| Counterparty wants a backstop if you do not pay or do not perform |
Contingent protection |
Standby Letter Of Credit Or Guarantee |
Issues a contingent instrument that can be drawn on under conditions |
| Your bank will issue the LC only if you post 100 percent cash margin |
Cheaper collateral policy or bridge liquidity |
Issuer Routing Or Bridge Facility |
Either changes the issuer terms or finances the margin |
Why A Letter Of Credit Is Not A Loan
A documentary letter of credit is a bank-to-bank payment mechanism built around document examination.
You do not receive cash just because the LC exists.
You may still need working capital to procure goods, post margin, pay freight, insure cargo, or cover duty and VAT.
Common mistake:
companies ask for an LC to solve a cash problem. The LC solves the supplier trust problem. The line of credit solves the cash problem.
How Banks Underwrite Each Product
Line Of Credit Underwriting Focus
- Borrowing base eligibility and reserves (AR and inventory)
- Cash flow capacity and covenant headroom
- Collateral enforceability and control of collections
- Reporting quality and audit readiness
- Concentration limits and dilution risk
The lender cares about repayment source and collateral liquidation path.
Letter Of Credit Underwriting Focus
- Your credit and available limits for contingent obligations
- Margin and collateral policy (sometimes up to 100 percent cash)
- Counterparty profile and transaction narrative
- Compliance screening and corridor restrictions
- Document set and discrepancy risk
The issuing bank cares about paying on documents even if the underlying trade later becomes disputed.
How The Two Products Work Together
In import distribution and physical commodities, the common structure is a revolver plus an LC facility.
The LC supports supplier payment. The revolver funds working capital around the LC and the trade cycle.
Simple combined structure:
LC issuance for supplier confidence, borrowing base revolver for margin, logistics costs, inventory carry, and receivables seasonality.
Controls sit in accounts, documents, and reporting cadence.
How Financely Helps
Financely supports commercial clients by structuring trade finance facilities and instruments, packaging lender-ready files, and routing transactions to matched issuers and lenders.
We are not a bank and do not lend or issue instruments. Execution is coordinated through regulated partners where required.
Relevant internal reading: Letter Of Credit Services
, Standby Letter Of Credit Services
, Trade Finance
, Import Finance.
Request Indicative Terms
If your supplier is demanding an LC or your cash cycle requires a facility, we can pressure-test your trade flow and propose the cleanest structure for issuer and lender routing.