Trade Finance Instruments
Standby Letters of Credit Use Cases and Types
An SBLC is a bank’s contingent obligation to a beneficiary. It is not funding, and it is not issued on promises.
If a compliant demand is presented, the issuing bank must pay. That is why SBLCs are underwritten like credit.
ICC rules most commonly used include ISP98
and, in some structures, UCP 600.
What a Standby Letter of Credit Actually Does
A Standby Letter of Credit (SBLC) is a conditional payment undertaking issued by a bank at the request of its client (the applicant) in favor of a counterparty (the beneficiary). The SBLC is designed to be drawn only if the applicant fails to perform or fails to pay under the underlying contract.
The operational point that matters is simple. If the beneficiary presents a demand that complies with the SBLC terms, the issuing bank is obligated to honor. That exposure drives everything else: underwriting, collateral, fees, tenor, wording discipline, and draw conditions.
Reality check:
In serious markets, an SBLC is treated as bank risk. Banks assess the applicant’s ability to reimburse a draw and the enforceability of recourse. That is why “non collateral SBLC” language is often misleading. What is real is “not 100% cash collateral,” subject to underwriting.
Common Use Cases for SBLCs
Supply and Commodity Contracts
- Secures advance payments, deferred payment, or credit terms with suppliers
- Used when the supplier requires bank comfort rather than corporate credit
- Pairs with controlled delivery and documentary conditions where feasible
Related reading: How to Fund a Procurement Deal With No Cash Upfront.
Performance and Project Obligations
- Performance security for EPC, contractors, and service providers
- Milestone completion support where the buyer needs enforceable remedies
- Often paired with clear expiry mechanics and reduction schedules
Leases, Concessions, and Counterparty Security
- Landlords and concession grantors require bank-backed security
- Common substitute for cash deposits held for long periods
- Wording discipline matters because draws are document-driven
Bid and Tender Support
- Bid security and tender compliance
- Structured to expire automatically if the bidder is not awarded
- Risk rises sharply if the SBLC is written as a near-demand guarantee
Types of SBLCs and What They Actually Mean
| Type |
Typical Purpose |
| Financial SBLC |
Backstops payment obligations such as invoices, leases, or repayment schedules. Draw is tied to non-payment events defined in the SBLC. |
| Performance SBLC |
Backstops performance obligations such as delivery, completion, or service levels. Often includes expiry dates and reduction mechanics. |
| Direct Pay SBLC |
Written to allow draw on presentation with minimal narrative. Higher risk for issuers and typically requires stronger collateral support. |
| Counter SBLC |
Used where one bank issues a standby to support another bank’s issuance to the end beneficiary, often in cross-border setups. |
Why SBLC Issuance Usually Requires Collateral and Recourse
When an SBLC is drawn, the issuing bank pays first and seeks reimbursement from the applicant. That creates a credit exposure that consumes bank risk capacity and regulatory capital. Banks therefore underwrite the applicant and require a support package they can enforce.
The support package usually includes some combination of cash margin, eligible collateral, guarantees, and covenant controls. The exact blend depends on the applicant profile, country risk, beneficiary profile, tenor, and whether the SBLC is written as a tighter demand instrument.
How to Obtain an SBLC Without Posting 100% Cash Collateral
Businesses can obtain SBLCs without fully depositing cash equal to the SBLC face value when they can demonstrate bankable reimbursement capacity and provide alternative support acceptable to the issuer. This is common in corporate banking for stronger borrowers, and it is also achievable for smaller firms if the structure is disciplined and the file is lender-ready.
1) Issuance Under an Existing Credit Facility
The cleanest path is issuance under a revolving credit facility or trade line where SBLC issuance is an allowed sublimit. In that case, the SBLC consumes facility availability rather than requiring a 100% cash deposit. This still requires covenants, reporting, and credit approval.
Practical constraint: if the facility is already drawn, there may be no availability for SBLC issuance.
2) Partial Cash Margin plus Underwritten Recourse
Some issuers will accept partial cash margin where the borrower has stable cash flows, strong financials, and clean documentation. The rest of the exposure is supported by recourse, covenants, and enforceable remedies.
Practical constraint: higher risk profiles drive margin upward and reduce tenor appetite.
3) Eligible Collateral that the Bank Can Perfect
In certain cases, a bank may accept security over eligible collateral such as receivables, cash flows under controlled accounts, or inventory already owned and controlled under a defensible security package. The keyword is owned and controllable.
Practical constraint: future goods, expected receipts, or assets outside enforceable jurisdictions are usually not acceptable.
4) Third-Party Support
A strong sponsor, parent entity, or creditworthy guarantor can reduce cash requirements. Issuers care about enforceability, financial strength, and clarity of guarantee wording.
Practical constraint: weak guarantees do not change collateral appetite.
Important:
If a party claims they can issue an SBLC with no underwriting, no bank relationship, and no enforceable support, treat that as a red flag. Real issuance is credit-driven and document-driven.
What Banks and Beneficiaries Usually Require in SBLC Wording
SBLC disputes usually come from sloppy wording. Banks and beneficiaries focus on draw mechanics, expiry, governing rules, and presentation conditions. If the SBLC is governed under ICC standards such as ISP98, the drafting should be consistent with that framework.
| Clause Area |
What Needs to be Clear |
| Governing Rules |
Explicit reference to ISP98 or UCP 600, plus governing law and jurisdiction where relevant. |
| Draw Conditions |
Exact documents required for a complying presentation. Avoid vague “proof of default” language. |
| Expiry and Auto-Extension |
Hard expiry date or evergreen mechanics, plus notice requirements and cutoffs. |
| Reduction Schedule |
Where performance risk declines over time, a reduction schedule can cut collateral and capital cost. |
| Transferability |
Whether the SBLC can be transferred, assigned, or drawn by successors in contract. |
The Practical Process to Get an SBLC Approved
SBLC outcomes are driven by file quality and speed. The issuer wants a coherent credit story and clean documentation that stands up under KYC, AML, and sanctions screening.
- Define the use case, beneficiary, amount, tenor, and the exact SBLC wording requirements
- Build a lender-ready package: financials, corporate docs, contract pack, and reimbursement capacity
- Align the collateral approach: facility sublimit, partial margin, eligible collateral, or sponsor support
- Run compliance screening early and keep counterparties consistent across documents
- Drive to written outcome: draft wording, credit approval, issuance, and delivery procedures
Request Indicative SBLC Terms
If you have a defined beneficiary, a real underlying contract, and a clear timeline, we can assess bankability, draft the structure, and drive issuer decisioning through regulated partners. The output standard is written terms or written decline reasons. No outcomes are promised.
Submit Your Deal
Submit your SBLC request with the underlying contract, beneficiary details, requested amount and tenor, and your available documents. If it fits, we will revert with indicative terms and the execution steps.