How Are Letters of Credit Used to Enable Oil & Gas Purchases?

Oil And Gas Trade Finance

How Are Letters of Credit Used to Enable Oil & Gas Purchases?

Large oil and gas transactions rarely move on open account terms. Counterparties want bank-backed payment assurance before loading crude or releasing refined products.

Letters of Credit (LCs) sit at the center of this system. They allow buyers to purchase cargoes without prepaying cash while giving sellers confidence they will be paid if documents are compliant.

Financely advises oil and gas traders, refiners, and distributors on structuring LC-backed transactions and securing issuance through banks and private credit partners.

Why Oil & Gas Trading Depends On Letters of Credit

A single crude cargo can exceed USD 50 million. Refined product parcels are often USD 5 million to USD 30 million. Few trading companies want to place that amount of cash upfront for each shipment.

Letters of credit shift payment risk from buyer to issuing bank. The seller relies on the bank’s creditworthiness rather than the buyer’s balance sheet alone.

Simple framing: in oil and gas, banks do not finance barrels. They finance paper, contracts, and controlled flows of title.

Basic LC Structure In An Oil & Gas Purchase

  1. Buyer and seller sign a sale and purchase agreement (SPA).
  2. Buyer applies to its bank (or financing partner) for an LC.
  3. Issuing bank opens an LC in favor of the seller.
  4. Seller ships cargo.
  5. Seller presents compliant documents.
  6. Bank pays seller.
  7. Buyer repays bank per LC terms.

Common LC Types Used In Oil & Gas

Sight Letter of Credit

Payment occurs immediately upon presentation of compliant documents.

Usance / Deferred Payment LC

Payment occurs 30, 60, or 90 days after shipment or document presentation.

Confirmed LC

A second bank adds its confirmation, reducing country and bank risk for the seller.

Transferable LC

Allows intermediary traders to pass LC benefits to upstream suppliers.

How LCs Enable Traders With Limited Cash

Most trading firms do not self-fund cargoes. They rely on a combination of:

  • LC issuance lines
  • Borrowing base facilities
  • Receivables discounting
  • Prepayment or offtake-backed finance

The LC becomes the anchor instrument that allows additional financing layers to attach.

What Banks Underwrite Before Issuing An LC

Trade Flow

  • Products
  • Volumes
  • Counterparties

Transaction Economics

  • Margins
  • Payment terms
  • Logistics costs

Collateral And Controls

  • Title to goods
  • Warehouse or terminal control
  • Inspection certificates

Financial Capacity

  • Historical financials
  • Liquidity
  • Debt service capacity

For larger facilities, lenders typically require comprehensive security consistent with All-Asset Lien Packages.

Why Many LC Applications Get Rejected

  • No proven trade history
  • Thin margins
  • Weak balance sheet
  • No collateral or control structure
  • Approaching banks without a lender-ready package

Role of Advisory In LC-Backed Oil & Gas Transactions

LC issuance is not a retail banking product at scale. It is a structured credit decision.

Financely acts as a transaction-led advisory firm that:

  • Structures the facility
  • Builds a lender-ready package
  • Routes the transaction to matching capital providers

Our packaging follows memo-grade standards similar to Trade Finance Underwriting Memo.

Typical Financing Stack Around An LC

  • LC issuance line
  • Inventory or in-transit financing
  • Receivables discounting
  • Revolving trade credit facility

Together, these allow traders to turn contracts into repeatable volume.

Where Financely Fits

Financely operates as a transaction-led capital advisory desk.

We help oil and gas market participants raise debt and secure LCs through banks and private credit funds.

For firm-level process context, see What We Do.

Submit An Oil & Gas Trade Finance Request

If you have defined trade flow and counterparties, submit your transaction for structuring and LC placement.

Submit Your Deal

FAQ

Can I buy oil with an LC without cash?

You still need credit capacity, collateral, or financing support. LCs replace prepayment, not underwriting.

Do you guarantee LC issuance?

No. Banks decide. Financely structures and routes.

What minimum size works?

Typically USD 2.5M+ facilities with repeat trade flow.

Do you work on success fee only?

No. Packaging and placement require paid engagement.

Important: This page is for general information only and does not constitute legal, tax, or investment advice. Financely is not a lender and does not guarantee outcomes.

In oil and gas, trade moves on bank paper. Letters of credit are the backbone.