Types of Commercial Real Estate Loans in the United States

United States Commercial Real Estate Loans | Bridge, Hard Money, Construction, CMBS

United States Commercial Real Estate Loans: Bridge, Hard Money, and More

Pick a loan that fits the asset and the timeline. We size to DSCR and debt yield, match you with the right US lenders, and prioritize fast closings for bridge and hard money with a clear exit into permanent capital. If a request does not pencil, we say no quickly. For a structured review, contact us here: Request Commercial Real Estate Debt Advisory.
Who We Serve
  • Sponsors and investors acquiring or refinancing income property
  • Owner operators buying or building headquarters and facilities
  • Developers seeking construction or heavy value add financing
  • Family offices and independent sponsors closing repeat deals

Main US Loan Types

  • Bridge Loans : 12 to 36 months plus extensions. Floating, interest only, capex and TI draws. Underwritten to the business plan and exit.
  • Hard Money Loans : Private capital focused on collateral and speed. Short terms, higher coupons and points, lower documentation.
  • Construction Loans : Ground up or major redevelopment. Floating, interest only on drawn balance. Strong covenants and completion support.
  • Heavy Value Add Loans : Renovation and repositioning. Bridge structure with larger capex facility and milestone draws.
  • Bank Permanent Loans : Stabilized assets. 5 to 10 year term, 25 to 30 year amortization, step down prepay. Partial recourse common.
  • Agency Multifamily (Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, HUD): Apartments that meet program criteria. Competitive leverage, non recourse, interest only options.
  • CMBS : Conduit execution for stabilized assets. Fixed rate, 5 to 10 year term, defeasance or yield maintenance, low flexibility after closing.
  • Life Company Loans : Prime assets in strong markets. Conservative leverage, attractive fixed terms, tight prepay.
  • Mini Perm : Short term permanent loan used after construction or during early stabilization before full takeout.
  • SBA 504 and 7(a) : Owner occupied Commercial Real Estate for operating companies. Lower down payment and long amortization.
  • C PACE : Long dated fixed assessment for eligible energy and resiliency scope. Often layered with senior debt.
  • Mezzanine Debt : Behind senior to fill the proceeds gap. Higher cost with intercreditor controls.
  • Preferred Equity : Senior to common equity and junior to all debt. Fixed or accruing coupon with remedies if performance slips.
  • Ground Lease and Leasehold Mortgages : Debt sized to leasehold value and ground rent schedule.
  • Sale Leaseback : Real estate is sold and leased back to release capital for the operating company.

Bridge Loans vs Hard Money

Bridge Loans fit lease up, capex execution, management fixes, or seasoning before permanent takeout. Lenders size to future DSCR, debt yield, and stabilized value. Leverage often ranges from 60 to 75 percent of value or cost when the plan and sponsorship are credible.

Hard Money is about speed and certainty. Asset value and equity cushion drive the decision more than income. It works for urgent acquisitions, partner buyouts, rescue capital, or unique collateral. Expect shorter terms, higher coupons and points, and lower leverage than bridge in many cases.

Quick Comparison Table

Loan Type Best Fit Typical Term Recourse Prepay Flex Leverage Guide Notes
Bridge Transitional assets and lease up 12 to 36 months plus extensions Partial or non recourse by deal High 60 to 75 percent LTV or LTC Interest only, capex draws, business plan driven
Hard Money Speed and collateral first 3 to 18 months common Often recourse or bad boy carve outs High 50 to 65 percent LTV typical Higher rate and points, fast close when title and docs are clean
Construction Ground up and major redevelopment 24 to 48 months including lease up Often recourse until completion or tests Medium to high 55 to 70 percent LTC Draws by budget and inspections
Bank Permanent Stabilized income property 5 to 10 years, amortizing Partial recourse common Medium 60 to 70 percent LTV Step down prepay, relationship banking
Agency Multifamily Qualifying apartments 5 to 12 plus years Non recourse Medium to low 65 to 80 percent LTV by program Interest only options, program rules apply
CMBS Stabilized across many types 5 to 10 years, fixed Non recourse Low 65 to 75 percent LTV Defeasance or yield maintenance
Life Company Prime assets and sponsors 7 to 15 years, fixed Non recourse Low 50 to 65 percent LTV Tight structure and prepay
Mezzanine Filling the proceeds gap 2 to 7 years N A Medium Stack to 80 to 90 percent of cost or value Intercreditor with senior, tight covenants
Preferred Equity Boost total proceeds without full dilution 2 to 7 years N A Medium Often similar stack to mezzanine Cure rights and controls if tests fail
SBA 504 or 7(a) Owner occupied business property 10 to 25 years Varies by program and bank Medium Higher total leverage with lower equity in For operating companies, not investment property

How US Lenders Size Loans

  • DSCR : Net operating income over debt service. Seniors often target 1.20x to 1.35x or higher by asset and market.
  • Debt Yield : Net operating income divided by loan amount. Many seniors target 8 to 12 percent or more.
  • LTV and LTC : Backstops to coverage and yield tests. Tighter for weaker markets or specialty assets.
  • Prepayment : Step downs, yield maintenance, or defeasance shape your exit window.
  • Recourse : Construction and bank loans often require support until milestones are met.
  • Business Plan : Capex scope, lease up speed, rent roll quality, and sponsor track record drive proceeds.

Step by Step Financing Path

  1. Send a clean data pack: T 12 and recent monthly P and L, rent roll, business plan, capex, photos, third party reports if available.
  2. We size to DSCR and debt yield, set target leverage and structure, and shortlist US lenders by speed and fit.
  3. Select a term sheet with covenants, reserves, prepay, and timeline spelled out.
  4. Underwriting and diligence: appraisal, environmental, engineering, leases, and estoppels where required.
  5. Close with escrow and title endorsements. For bridge or hard money, lock the exit plan at the same time.

Documents and Data To Provide

Property and Financials

  • Trailing 12 month and recent monthly P and L, current rent roll, leases, arrears detail
  • Business plan with capex schedule, lease up milestones, and exit path
  • Third party reports if available: appraisal, Phase I, PCA
  • Photos, survey, title, and zoning basics

Sponsor Package

  • Track record and resumes, entity chart, and equity sources
  • KYC and tax details, bank statements for equity proof
  • For SBA: operating company financials and occupancy plan
  • For construction: plans, permits, GMP or budget, schedule, and GC details

Pricing Reality

Pricing follows the rate curve, leverage, asset quality, cash flow strength, and timing. Flexible money costs more but can save a deal that needs speed or heavy work. Cheap coupons with tight prepay can trap you. The right loan clears the closing and protects the exit.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between bridge and hard money?

Bridge is underwritten to a plan and future net operating income with institutional processes. Hard money is private capital that prioritizes speed and collateral with higher cost and shorter terms.

Can a non stabilized asset get financing?

Yes through bridge or hard money. Lenders look at debt yield, equity in the deal, sponsor capability, and a credible timetable to stabilization or sale.

How fast can hard money close in the United States?

Fast when title, insurance, and entity documents are clean. Many private lenders can close inside one to two weeks when collateral and equity are clear and reports are limited.

Request Commercial Real Estate Loan Options

Share the address, property type, business plan, equity, and timing. We reply with likely proceeds, structures, and the fastest clean route to close across bridge, hard money, construction, or permanent debt.

Contact Us

Financely acts as advisor and arranger on a best efforts basis. We are not a bank. All mandates are subject to KYC and AML, sanctions screening, credit approval, legal documentation, counterparty capacity, and applicable laws. Nothing here is a commitment to lend or an offer of securities. Terms vary by asset, jurisdiction, and documentary quality.

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