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Oil storage is where physical trading meets time. When prompt prices fall below forward prices, traders fill tanks and wait. When supply is disrupted, those same tanks keep refineries running and markets supplied. A handful of very large terminals, on the US Gulf Coast, in Rotterdam, Fujairah, Singapore, the Bahamas and South Africa, hold a large share of the world's commercial crude and product storage.
This guide ranks ten of the largest single oil terminals by published storage capacity, using the latest figure each operator or a credible industry source has released. Capacities change as operators expand, so each figure carries its year. National strategic reserves and multi operator hubs such as Cushing are covered separately, because they are not single terminals.
In this article
Storage is not just real estate for oil. It decides who can capture price spreads, blend cargoes and keep supply flowing when shipping lanes close.
When forward prices exceed spot prices by more than the cost of storage and financing, traders buy now, store and sell forward. The larger and cheaper the tankage, the more of that spread a trader keeps.
Large terminals let traders blend crude grades and fuel components into on spec products, the business behind much of the margin described in our top 10 physical oil trading companies.
Terminals outside chokepoints, such as Fujairah outside the Strait of Hormuz, become critical when routes close, as the 2026 Gulf disruption showed.
Oil in a reputable third party terminal, with a verifiable tank receipt and a collateral manager, is the foundation of inventory finance and borrowing base facilities.
Capacities are shown in barrels. Where an operator publishes cubic metres, we convert at about 6.29 barrels per cubic metre. Each figure is the latest published by the operator or a named source, with its year.
The Louisiana Offshore Oil Port is the only US port able to offload fully laden VLCCs offshore. Biz New Orleans reported in 2015 that LOOP had 60 million barrels of underground salt cavern storage plus 10.1 million barrels of above ground tanks at its Clovelly hub, about 70 million barrels in total.
Why it matters. LOOP connects directly to much of the Gulf Coast refining system, which makes it a central storage and delivery point for imported and domestic crude.
Saldanha Bay, north of Cape Town, holds crude in partially buried concrete tanks built in the 1970s and now leased to traders. World Oil reported in 2018 that the site could hold up to 45 million barrels, with an Oiltanking MOGS expansion adding more than 13 million barrels.
Why it matters. Its location between the Atlantic and Indian Ocean basins makes it a favourite for traders storing West African and other crude in contango.
ADNOC built three underground crude caverns in the mountains of Fujairah, each holding about 14 million barrels. S&P Global reported in 2022 that the project's total capacity is about 42 million barrels.
Why it matters. The caverns sit outside the Strait of Hormuz, so they let the UAE keep supplying customers when Gulf transits are disrupted.
Maasvlakte Olie Terminal is the main crude storage and transshipment terminal in the Port of Rotterdam, owned by six shareholders with Vopak as the only independent storage provider. Offshore Technology listed its capacity at about 28.9 million barrels across 39 tanks in 2021.
Why it matters. It supplies refineries in the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany, and is the physical anchor for North West European crude storage.
Ras Markaz, near Duqm, is a crude storage park developed by Oman's state energy group OQ. Zawya reported that phase 1 provides about 26.7 million barrels, with a long term plan of about 200 million barrels.
Why it matters. Like Fujairah, it sits outside the Strait of Hormuz on the Arabian Sea, offering Gulf producers and Asian buyers storage beyond the chokepoint.
The BORCO terminal on Grand Bahama is the largest storage hub in the Caribbean, with deep water berths for the largest tankers. When Buckeye Partners agreed to buy an 80 percent stake in 2010, it had 21.6 million barrels of storage, with an expansion planned to take it above 29 million barrels.
Why it matters. BORCO lets traders break bulk and blend cargoes between the Americas, Europe and Asia close to the US market.
Enbridge's Ingleside Energy Center near Corpus Christi has about 20 million barrels of crude storage. Enbridge describes it as the largest crude export terminal by volume in North America, loading about a quarter of US Gulf Coast crude exports.
Why it matters. Ingleside is where Permian and Eagle Ford crude meets international buyers, so its storage and loading slots shape US export economics.
Vopak Horizon Fujairah is a joint venture of Vopak, Horizon Terminals, the Government of Fujairah and Kuwait's Independent Petroleum Group. Its seventh expansion phase took total capacity to about 2.6 million cubic metres, roughly 16 million barrels, according to Vopak in 2014.
Why it matters. It stores crude, fuel oil and clean products for the Fujairah bunkering and trading hub, one of the three largest in the world alongside Singapore and Rotterdam.
Universal Terminal on Jurong Island has about 2.3 million cubic metres of storage, roughly 14.5 million barrels, across 73 tanks and 12 berths, two of which can take VLCCs. It is one of the largest independent petroleum product terminals in Asia.
Why it matters. Singapore is Asia's main oil trading and bunkering centre, and Universal Terminal is where many traders store and blend fuel oil and clean products for the region.
Kinder Morgan's Galena Park terminal on the Houston Ship Channel has about 10.8 million barrels of storage across 231 tanks, handling refined products, blendstocks, jet fuel, chemicals and biofuels.
Why it matters. Galena Park is a key node for refined products moving between Houston refineries, pipelines and export docks, and its many smaller tanks suit blending.
Figures are the latest published by the operator or a named source. Some date from the last major expansion and may since have increased.
| Terminal | Location | Published capacity |
|---|---|---|
| LOOP | Louisiana, US | About 70m bbl (2015) |
| Saldanha Bay | South Africa | Up to 45m bbl, plus 13m bbl expansion (2018) |
| ADNOC Fujairah caverns | UAE | About 42m bbl (2022) |
| Maasvlakte Olie Terminal | Rotterdam, Netherlands | About 28.9m bbl (2021) |
| Ras Markaz phase 1 | Oman | About 26.7m bbl |
| BORCO | Bahamas | 21.6m bbl, expansion planned above 29m (2010) |
| Enbridge Ingleside | Texas, US | About 20m bbl |
| Vopak Horizon Fujairah | UAE | About 2.6m m³, roughly 16m bbl (2014) |
| Universal Terminal | Singapore | About 2.3m m³, roughly 14.5m bbl |
| Kinder Morgan Galena Park | Texas, US | About 10.8m bbl |
Cushing, Oklahoma. Cushing is the delivery point for the WTI futures contract and one of the largest tank farms in the world, but its capacity is split across many terminals run by different operators, including Enbridge and Plains. The US Energy Information Administration noted in July 2026 that Cushing inventories had fallen below 20 million barrels, close to operational minimums, tightening the US mid continent market.
Rotterdam, Fujairah and Singapore. Each of these ports holds far more storage than any single terminal in it, spread across dozens of independent and refinery owned sites. As hubs, they are larger than every terminal on this list except the biggest.
Strategic petroleum reserves. Government reserves such as the US Strategic Petroleum Reserve, held in salt caverns on the Gulf Coast, are larger than any commercial terminal. They are excluded here because they are not available for commercial storage.
Large terminals are the names most often used in tank storage scams. Fraudsters cite Rotterdam, Fujairah, Houston or Jurong in offers for "product in tank" and ask the buyer to sign a tank storage agreement, pay for a dip test or accept a tank storage receipt before any title moves. Real terminals deal with established customers, confirm stock only to the title holder, and can be contacted directly. Our guide to tank storage fraud in petroleum trading explains how to verify storage before paying anything.
Inventory and repo finance. Lenders fund oil held in a reputable terminal against a warehouse or tank receipt, often with a collateral manager, typically at an advance rate below market value with the price hedged.
Borrowing base facilities. Traders that hold stock in several terminals fund it through a revolving borrowing base sized against eligible inventory and receivables.
Storage lease support. Terminal operators often require a standby letter of credit or other credit enhancement from smaller lessees before granting long term tank leases.
For producers and importers financing cargoes into and out of storage, our oil and gas trade finance page covers the structures lenders use.
Financely works with traders, distributors and importers that need inventory finance, borrowing base facilities, letters of credit and SBLCs for storage leases, anchored in real physical flows. We prepare the lender ready file and place it with banks and private credit funds from our network of more than 12,700 verified lenders.
Already lease tankage in a reputable terminal? Stock held there with verifiable receipts is often the strongest collateral in your file, and structured commodity finance can be built around it.
Among single commercial terminals, LOOP in Louisiana is one of the largest, with about 70 million barrels of cavern and tank storage reported in 2015. Saldanha Bay in South Africa and ADNOC's Fujairah caverns each hold more than 40 million barrels. Government strategic reserves are larger but are not commercial terminals.
Cushing is one of the largest tank farms in the world and the delivery point for WTI futures, but it is a hub of many terminals run by different operators rather than a single terminal.
In contango, when forward prices exceed spot prices by more than storage and financing costs, traders buy oil, store it and sell it forward to lock in the spread. Storage also lets traders blend grades and supply customers when shipping is disrupted.
Only from the verified title holder, usually a trader, refiner or producer, through a contract that transfers title and is confirmed by the terminal. Unsolicited "product in tank" offers that ask for fees or tank storage agreements before title transfer are a common scam.
Disclaimer: This article is for general information only and does not constitute legal, tax, investment or regulatory advice. Capacities are the latest figures published by operators or the named sources and may have changed since publication. References to specific terminals and companies do not imply endorsement, recommendation or any commercial relationship. Financely is an advisory and arranging firm. It is not a bank, lender, terminal operator, oil trader, broker-dealer or investment adviser. Any financing is subject to lender underwriting, due diligence, credit approval, documentation and conditions precedent, and no outcome or timeline is guaranteed.
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