Why Banks Require Full Collateral For Standby Letters of Credit

Standby Letters Of Credit

Why Banks Require Full Collateral For Standby Letters of Credit

Most borrowers assume a standby letter of credit is “just a document.”

From a bank’s perspective, an SBLC is a funded credit risk disguised as a contingent obligation.

That single reality explains why many banks demand 100 percent cash collateral.

An SBLC Is Treated Like A Loan By The Bank

When a bank issues an SBLC, it is promising to pay the beneficiary on demand if the applicant fails to perform. If that happens, the bank must fund immediately.

From a risk standpoint, this looks similar to a revolving credit exposure with uncertain timing and uncertain recovery.

Result: Banks underwrite SBLCs using the same credit lens as loans, but without the comfort of a scheduled repayment profile.

Why Cash Collateral Is The Default

Holding cash collateral eliminates three major risks for the issuing bank:

  • Credit risk of the applicant
  • Liquidity risk if a draw occurs
  • Capital adequacy impact under regulatory rules

With cash sitting in a pledged account, the bank can pay the beneficiary and immediately reimburse itself. No collections, no workout, no litigation.

Regulatory Capital Treatment Drives Behavior

Under banking regulations, unfunded commitments like SBLCs still consume regulatory capital. If the SBLC is fully cash collateralized, the risk weight drops materially.

That makes fully collateralized SBLCs far more attractive to banks than unsecured exposures.

Why Asset Collateral Alone Is Rarely Accepted

Inventory, receivables, or equipment may have real value, but they are illiquid and time-consuming to realize.

In an SBLC draw scenario, the bank needs immediate reimbursement, not a future recovery. That is why many banks refuse asset-only collateral for SBLC issuance.

When Banks Will Consider Partially Or Unsecured SBLCs

Strong Existing Banking Relationship

Long operating history with the bank and clean performance.

Investment-Grade Or Near Investment-Grade Profile

Large, profitable, well-capitalized companies.

Revolving Credit Facility In Place

SBLC sits as a sublimit under an existing line.

Parent Or Third-Party Guarantee

Creditworthy guarantor with audited financials.

Commercial Alternatives To 100 Percent Cash Collateral

For most mid-market borrowers, the solution is not persuading a retail bank to change its policy. The solution is using structures that shift the risk away from a single issuing bank.

Sponsor Or Third-Party Guarantees

A creditworthy guarantor supports issuance in exchange for a guarantee fee.

Structured Credit Facilities With SBLC Sublimits

Borrowing base or working capital facilities that include SBLC issuance capacity.

Private Credit Backstopped SBLCs

Private credit fund provides the economic backing, bank issues the instrument.

Bank Guarantees Via Regulated Partners

Alternative guarantee structures under URDG frameworks.

Where Financely Fits

Financely advises on SBLC and guarantee structures and coordinates issuance through regulated banking partners where execution requires licensing.

For a foundational overview, see How To Raise Capital Using A Standby Letter Of Credit and Trade Finance Services.

If you have a defined transaction requiring an SBLC or guarantee, submit it through Submit Your Deal.

Who This Is For

  • Post-revenue companies
  • EBITDA positive or near positive
  • Clear underlying transaction
  • Commercial use cases only

If you need an SBLC structure that does not rely on posting 100 percent cash collateral, submit your transaction for feasibility review.

This content is informational only. Financely is not a bank, not a broker-dealer, and not a direct lender. All transactions are subject to diligence, KYC, KYB, AML, sanctions screening, capital provider criteria, and definitive documentation.