Trade Finance Risk Intelligence
Tank Storage Scams In Petroleum Trading: How The Fraud Actually Works
These operations are not random. They are structured fraud pipelines run by coordinated cybercrime teams that use fake fuel offers, fake storage access, fake logistics, and fake paperwork to extract staged payments from victims.
The pitch usually starts with a discounted fuel offer that looks like easy arbitrage. The seller claims they can deliver jet fuel, mazut, crude, or diesel from high-credibility hubs. Then they push urgency, issue professional-looking documents, and move the conversation to fee payments.
Victims lose money when they treat paperwork as proof of product. In petroleum trading, paperwork is only one layer. Real verification requires terminal confirmation, vessel traceability, and counterparty checks through independent channels.
How The Fraud Engine Operates
1) Mass Outreach
Scammers blast large lead lists collected from scraped data, breached datasets, broker lists, or purchased contact databases. The same script is sent in waves until someone replies.
2) Authority Signaling
They name-drop major ports, terminal operators, known refineries, and compliance acronyms to sound operationally real before any independent verification is done.
3) Fee Ladder
First payment is framed as storage access or documentation processing. Next payments are introduced as extension charges, transfer fees, or vessel and logistics costs.
4) Call-Centre Follow-Through
Phone teams keep pressure on victims, answer objections, and recycle the same script until the wire is sent. Once payment is made, the story changes and new fees appear.
In many cases, the first transfer is low five figures, then cumulative losses climb as new fee layers are introduced. Repeated payment cycles can move losses into seven figures for a single victim group.
Ports Commonly Used In Scam Narratives
Fraud emails often reference globally recognized hubs to borrow credibility. The names below are not the problem. The fake counterparty is.
| Port Often Named |
Why It Is Used In The Pitch |
What You Should Verify Independently |
| Rotterdam |
Largest port in Europe, deep liquidity and storage narrative. |
Terminal operator identity, tank reference validity, and direct terminal confirmation through official contact points. |
| Singapore |
Global bunkering scale creates instant credibility in fuel conversations. |
Real supplier registration, cargo traceability, and verifiable chain of title. |
| Fujairah |
Major liquid bulk and bunkering ecosystem, widely known in oil trading. |
Actual terminal connectivity, allocation rights, and independent buyer-side inspection rights. |
| Houston |
Top-tier U.S. tonnage status makes offers sound institutionally backed. |
Counterparty legal entity, sanctions screening, and terminal nomination confirmation. |
| Antwerp-Bruges |
Large liquid bulk and petrochemical footprint, often cited in spoof offers. |
Real logistics provider mandate, vessel schedule evidence, and authentic trade references. |
Products Used To Bait Buyers
Jet Fuel
Offered at unrealistic discounts with claims of immediate lifting rights and fast allocation windows.
Mazut
Pitched as distressed or urgent inventory to justify below-market pricing and rushed payment deadlines.
Crude Oil
Presented with oversized monthly capacity numbers and forged logistics proofs to look institution-grade.
Diesel
Common in “ready cargo” offers where fake storage and fake inspection evidence is used to trigger prepayment.
Forged Document Pack Usually Seen In These Cases
Fraud groups rely on document volume. The stack looks complete, but authenticity fails when checked with the actual terminal, inspector, or bank.
| Document Type |
How It Is Used To Convince Victims |
Failure Point In Verification |
| FCO / SCO / Commercial Offer |
Creates institutional tone and anchors “discounted” pricing. |
Issuing entity has no verifiable track record or beneficial ownership transparency. |
| Pro Forma Invoice / Commercial Invoice |
Used to push urgency and trigger first wire. |
No confirmed, independent proof that product exists under seller control. |
| ICPO With Banking Coordinates |
Frames buyer as “ready to transact” and normalizes process steps. |
Bank details lead to unrelated entities or accounts with weak legal recourse. |
| Tank Storage Agreement (TSA) |
Suggests terminal access and allocated capacity. |
Terminal cannot validate the agreement ID or the named counterparty. |
| Tank Storage Receipt (TSR) / GPS Tank Proof |
Used as fake proof of product in tank. |
Receipt format or numbering not recognized by the real terminal operator. |
| Injection Report / Product Movement Report |
Simulates physical movement to build confidence. |
No matching movement record with terminal scheduling or manifold data. |
| DTA / ATV / Authorization To Sell |
Creates impression of inspectability and transfer rights. |
Authority signatory cannot be authenticated through official channels. |
| SGS / Intertek / Inspector Report |
Leverages third-party brand trust. |
Certificate numbers fail verification with the named inspector. |
| Bill Of Lading / Cargo Manifest |
Used to imply shipment readiness. |
Vessel and shipping line records do not match the stated movement. |
| COO / COQ / POP Bundle |
Overwhelms victims with acronyms to reduce scrutiny. |
Data fields conflict across documents and issuer identity is inconsistent. |
| Charter Party Or Freight Invoice |
Introduces “one last payment” logic before loading. |
Carrier identity or broker mandate is fabricated or unverifiable. |
| NCNDA / IMFPA |
Used to make intermediary chains look formal. |
No legal value for proving product existence or transferability. |
How Victims Get Pulled In
- They mistake discounted pricing for special access, not fraud risk.
- They confuse document quantity with transaction validity.
- They skip terminal-level verification and independent legal diligence.
- They wire early-stage fees before proving title, control, and deliverability.
Practical Anti-Fraud Protocol For Buyers And Brokers
Counterparty Identity
Verify legal entity, UBO chain, sanctions status, and trading history before any process document is accepted.
Terminal Confirmation
Confirm storage rights, account holder identity, and product control with the real terminal operator through official channels.
Inspector Validation
Authenticate every certificate number directly with the named inspection company, using independently sourced contacts.
Payment Discipline
No upfront fee wires without verified legal recourse, documented control rights, and a fully validated execution path.
Bottom line:
there is no risk-free arbitrage in fuel trading. If the economics look effortless and the process depends on upfront “unlock” fees, treat it as a fraud event until proven otherwise.