How to Finance Crude Oil, Natural Gas & Refined Petroleum Product Shipments
Energy cargoes are high-value, fast-moving, and unforgiving when paperwork is sloppy. A single shipment can tie up millions in cash,
and the risk profile changes by the hour based on price moves, route, counterparty performance, and documentary control.
The good news is that crude oil trade finance, LNG cargo finance, and refined product shipment financing can be structured cleanly
when the commercial contract is enforceable, the documentary flow is tight, and proceeds are controllable.
This page lays out how serious lenders underwrite these transactions and what structures actually get funded.
Financely is an advisory firm. We do not lend and we do not make credit decisions. We underwrite the transaction,
prepare lender-grade materials, and coordinate introductions to third-party lenders and trade finance desks.
All outcomes are subject to lender underwriting, definitive documentation, KYC and AML, sanctions screening, trade compliance,
third-party reports, and closing conditions.
What “Shipment Finance” Really Means In Energy
Shipment finance is working capital tied to a specific cargo and its cash conversion cycle. It is not general corporate lending.
A lender expects to see a documented path from purchase to delivery to collection, with controls that reduce loss given default.
Crude Oil
Typically financed through import letters of credit, pre-export structures, borrowing-base facilities, or
controlled purchase and sale flows where title, inspection, and proceeds are tightly managed.
Natural Gas Shipments (LNG)
LNG adds terminal scheduling, quality specifications, tolerance, and timing constraints. Financeability depends on the sales contract,
delivery terms (FOB or DES), and whether the cargo and proceeds can be controlled end-to-end.
Refined Products
Diesel, gasoline, jet fuel, fuel oil, naphtha, and related products tend to move under strict specs and inspection.
Lenders focus on product quality risk, blending risk, and clean custody and title.
Why Deals Fail
Most failures come from gaps in documents, unclear title transfer, missing insurance, unbankable counterparties,
and no credible control over proceeds. Fix those early and the capital conversation gets easier.
Core Structures Used To Finance Crude, LNG, and Refined Product Cargoes
| Structure |
When It Fits |
What Lenders Underwrite |
| Import Letter of Credit (LC)
|
Pay supplier against compliant shipping documents. |
Applicant credit profile, documentary compliance, route, insurance, and repayment from end-buyer collections. |
| Confirmed LC / Bank Risk Mitigation
|
Supplier requires stronger payment assurance than the buyer’s bank risk. |
Bank risk, confirmation terms, documents, and transaction controls. |
| Prepayment / Pre-export Finance
|
Finance procurement before shipment, repaid from export proceeds. |
Offtake quality, performance history, enforceability, inspection regime, and proceeds routing controls. |
| Borrowing Base Revolver
|
Repeat-flow trading business with receivables and inventory visibility. |
Eligibility rules, reporting discipline, concentration limits, collateral monitoring, and cash dominion. |
| Inventory / Storage Finance
|
Cargo sits in tankage or bonded storage with controlled release. |
Collateral manager or terminal controls, title, pledge mechanics, insurance, and liquidation path. |
| Receivables Purchase
|
Strong buyers and clean invoices, with low dispute risk. |
Buyer credit, invoice validation, dilution risk, and collections mechanics. |
| Structured Payables / Supply Chain Finance
|
Anchor buyer supports supplier payment terms at scale. |
Buyer approval workflow, program governance, and settlement reliability. |
Key Documents For Energy Cargo Financing
A lender is financing a paper trail as much as a commodity. If your documents do not line up, the transaction will not clear credit.
Commercial Contracts
- Sale and purchase agreement (SPA) or master agreement plus confirmations.
- Clear Incoterms and title transfer language.
- Pricing mechanism and payment terms that match the financing plan.
- Claims, dispute process, and governing law and jurisdiction.
Shipping And Title
- Charterparty or voyage terms where relevant.
- Bill of lading, cargo manifest, and discharge documentation.
- Certificate of origin and export or import documentation as applicable.
- Terminal receipts, tank certificates, or warehouse confirmations for storage finance.
Quality, Quantity, and Insurance
- Independent inspection plan for quality and quantity.
- Cargo insurance and applicable war risk coverage depending on route.
- Marine P&I coverage expectations and liability mapping.
- Product specification sheets for refined products and LNG cargo quality specs.
Financial And Corporate
- Financial statements and current trading performance evidence.
- Corporate structure chart and beneficial owners.
- Banking information and proceeds routing capability.
- Existing debt schedule and any lien constraints.
Controls That Make Energy Shipment Finance Work
In energy, a lender wants control and predictability. Pricing is one part of the story. Control of the flow is the other.
Proceeds Control
Assignment of receivables, controlled collection accounts, or payment instructions that route proceeds through agreed waterfalls,
including fees, interest, principal, reserves, and release mechanics.
Title And Collateral Mechanics
Pledge of inventory or receivables where available, clear lien perfection path, and documentation that matches the jurisdictional reality.
For storage finance, terminal or collateral manager controls are often central.
Inspection And Release
Independent inspection before load and at discharge, document conditions for payment, and release controls that prevent cargo moving
without the lender’s visibility.
Risk Management
Where appropriate, lenders expect a view on price risk management, concentration limits by buyer or route,
and operational checks that keep the business inside agreed risk parameters.
LNG-Specific Considerations For Natural Gas Shipments
LNG cargo finance often requires additional operational clarity. Delivery windows, terminal slots, and performance terms can make or break funding.
- Delivery terms:
FOB versus DES changes who controls the vessel leg and when title and risk transfer.
- Terminal coordination:
load and discharge scheduling is part of credit risk because delays create cost and performance risk.
- Specs and tolerance:
LNG quality, energy content, and operational tolerances must match the sales contract.
- Counterparty strength:
for LNG, buyer quality and settlement history often drive financeability more than marketing narratives.
Refined Product Shipments: What Lenders Watch Closely
- Quality risk:
contamination, off-spec issues, blending risks, and disputed cargoes can turn into payment problems.
- Storage and chain-of-custody:
tankage controls, terminal receipts, and release authorization are common focus points.
- Documentation precision:
refined product trades can be documentation-heavy, and mistakes cause delays and cost overruns.
Indicative Process: From File Intake To Term Sheet Path
| Step |
What Happens |
What You Provide |
| 1) Transaction Screen
|
We confirm whether the flow is financeable and what lender box it fits. |
SPA or term summary, counterparties, route, product, and timing. |
| 2) Underwriting Package
|
We build a lender-grade narrative and diligence list aligned to shipment finance. |
Contracts, trade docs, financials, ownership, and controls plan. |
| 3) Targeted Introductions
|
We approach lenders and desks aligned to the structure, jurisdiction, and risk profile. |
Clean data room, answers to credit questions, and execution readiness. |
| 4) Execution Support
|
We coordinate diligence flow, conditions, and closing mechanics toward funding. |
Third-party reports, insurance binds, and final KYC and AML completion. |
Practical Checklist Before You Ask For Financing
Have you locked the commercial terms?
If price, delivery, title transfer, or payment terms are still moving, underwriting will stall. Lock the core terms first, then finance the flow.
Can proceeds be controlled?
If the end-buyer will not pay through a controlled process, lenders may require stronger collateral, tighter reserves, or will pass.
Are documents coherent across the chain?
Mismatched documents kill funding. The SPA, shipping docs, inspection terms, and insurance must tell one consistent story.
Is compliance clean?
KYC and AML, sanctions screening, and trade compliance are not optional. If your flow touches restricted parties or jurisdictions, address it upfront.
Request An Indicative Term Sheet
If you have a real crude, LNG, or refined product shipment with enforceable contracts and a clear documentary path,
submit your file for underwriting. We will respond with a checklist and the next-step process to reach lender terms.
Request An Indicative Term Sheet
Legal disclaimers: This page is for general information only and does not constitute legal, tax, regulatory, investment, or credit advice.
Financely provides advisory, structuring, and capital introduction services. Financely is not a bank and does not commit capital.
Any discussions, structures, and timelines are indicative and subject to diligence, lender underwriting, definitive documentation,
KYC and AML review, sanctions screening, trade compliance requirements, third-party reports, and closing conditions.
No assurance is given that financing will be available or that any transaction will close. You should consult your own counsel and advisors before proceeding.